Indiana University
IUSM IU
IU School of Medicine IUSM Office of Admissions



Charles Goodwin, MD/PhD Candidate
About Me Graduate Program:
MD/PhD
Research interest:
Signal transduction in leukemia
Undergraduate work:
Linguistics at the University of Chicago
Little known fact about me:
When I’m not translating research, I’m probably translating Homer.




Tag Cloud


Post categories

Recent posts

Meta

My name is Mud-Phud: Bench to Bedside and Back Again


Life as a budding physician-scientist

The Longest Day

Filed under: Graduate School,Lab shenanigans — Charles Goodwin on April 5, 2011 @ 8:58 pm

In research, you have a lot of long days.  Last week, we had a particularly long day.  We were finishing an experiment that involved treating mice with leukemia with a drug that we hope might be a potential therapy for Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia.  The mice get leukemia because they express an inducible knock-in gene that can be turned on in the mouse’s hematopoietic cells.  Unfortunately, the leukemia these mice get is mild and takes a long time to manifest itself, and isn’t fatal like it is in humans.  As a result, we decided to treat these mice with the drug over a period of 4 months, alternating 2 weeks on the drug and 2 weeks off.  To complete this experiment, we wanted to harvest tissues from these mice to assess the extent of the leukemia that they have.

After sacrificing the mice, we had to harvest the spleens and weigh them (the most profound phenotype of the leukemia in these mice is splenomegaly, or enlarged spleen).  We also used some splenic tissue for histological analysis and saved the rest for progenitor assays and flow analysis (which I’ll describe below).  We also harvested some liver tissue for histological analysis as well as the hind leg bones (for the bone marrow).  We also isolated bone marrow cells for the progenitor assays and flow analysis.

After isolating the spleen cells and bone marrow cells, we had to count them … and count them … and count them some more.  This is really the longest and the most tedious part of the process.  We have to count them so we can plate equivalent numbers in the progenitor assays.

For the progenitor assays, we plate equivalent numbers of cells from each mouse (some treated with the drug, and the others treated with vehicle as a control) in solid gel that kind of looks like red Jello.  The plates will have different doses of a growth factor called GM-CSF, which stimulates leukemia cells to grow faster than normal cells.  We let these plates grow for a week before counting the number of colonies that are formed (which will be another long day).  Our hope is that cells from the mice treated with the drug will grow less than those from the vehicle-treated mice, which would suggest that the drug was effective at killing the leukemia cells.

Finally, we used the remaining bone marrow and spleen cells for flow analysis.  To do this we have to stain the cells with antibodies that recognize cell surface markers that characterize particular types of white blood cells.  We are particularly interested in macrophages and neutrophils, which are increased in the leukemia we study.  The antibodies are conjugated to fluorescent molecules that can be detected as different colors when stimulated with a laser in a flow analysis machine.  This allows us to count the numbers of each type of cell.  We hope that the drug-treated mice will have lower numbers of macrophages and neutrophils, indicating that their leukemia was reduced by the drug.

It was a long day, but so far the data looks promising.  We of course have to repeat the experiment, which means there will be many more long days in the future.

Cheers!


DisABILITIES Fair and Self-Advocates Panel

Filed under: Extracurricular,Medical School — Charles Goodwin on March 27, 2011 @ 7:36 pm

This week, CADSIG (Children and Adults with Disabilities Student Interest Group) celebrated Disabilities Month with two events.  The first event was our DisABILITIES Fair, which we held in the Medical Science building atrium.  We had fantastic participation from over 20 local groups that provide services, resources, and advocacy to citizens with disabilities.

We particularly wanted to target medical students, who generally do not have the opportunity to learn about these services and resources, despite the fact that almost every medical student will come intact with individuals with disabilities in the health care setting both during their rotations and throughout their careers.

Although disability fairs like this are commonly held in the community, this is the first time that one has been organized on the IU medical school campus and was targeted to health care professionals in training.  We hope to make this an annual event every March.

We also had a self-advocates panel where we had six individuals with disabilities came and talked about their experiences, particularly with health care.  As a future health care professional, it was very helpful and beneficial to hear from them about their experiences and to learn about how they want to be treated.  The important message that I learned from this panel is that people with disabilities want to be treated just like everyone else and not pitied or have everything done for them.  They don’t want to be defined by their disability, because there is so much more to them—their personalities, their interests, their ambitions, etc.—that you would miss otherwise.  As with every patient, communication with individuals with disabilities is essential.  It is important to listen to them, because they know better than anyone what their body is telling them.  We also hope to make this self-advocates panel an annual event as well.

We greatly appreciate the participation of the self-advocates and all the presenters at the fair, as well as the hard work of all the members of CADSIG who helped make these events a success.  Finally, I also want to thank Dr. Ciccarelli and Dr. Weber for all their help with our student interest group and the events that we put on.

Cheers!


(Almost) Match Day

Filed under: Medical School — Charles Goodwin on March 25, 2011 @ 2:33 pm

Last Thursday was one of the more bittersweet moments during MD/PhD training, the Match Day for the class that I started medical school with. Four years ago in August, I began a journey with around 300 new medical students at IU. We attended the White Coat Ceremony, did anatomy lab together, studied for biochemistry together, stressed about the pathology exam together, and prepared for Step 1 of the USMLE together. After Step 1, they went to the clinics and I went to the lab, and now they come one step closer to becoming real doctors by finding out where they will do their residency training.  I made some good friends during the first two years of medical school, kept in touch with some, lost track of others, occasionally bumping into them at the Riley Cafeteria or somewhere else on campus. They’re finishing their journey (at least the first part of it anyway), and I am just about halfway through mine.

I attended the Match Day ceremony and I was proud of my friends’ accomplishments and the fantastic residencies they matched into. Nevertheless, I still had the nagging thought in the back of my head that that could have been me up on that stage announcing to everyone the contents of the envelope that held my fate for the next 3 to 6 years. Afterward, I celebrated with them and reminisced about the first two years of medical school. We all had a good time.

To be sure, I enjoy the path I am on, and if I had to do it all over, I would not have chosen differently. My graduate school experience has brought me a whole new group of friends and colleagues that I wouldn’t have had otherwise, not to mention the other MD/PhD students, who appreciate what a long, but rewarding haul this program is. And to that end, four talented MD/PhD students matched and will graduate this year—Greg Payne, Brian Schmutzler, Brian Ward, and Norman Yeh—thus proving that there is a light at the end of the tunnel.

Furthermore, the way I look at it, I get to celebrate two match days—that of the class I began with, and that of the class I will finish with, my own new class.

I just hope that my friends from medical students will still be nice to me when they are my residents during my clinical rotations!

Cheers!


2nd Round Interviews

Filed under: MD/PhD Fun — Charles Goodwin on February 26, 2011 @ 6:11 pm

It’s one of the busiest times now in the MD/PhD program, when we have our second round interviews for applicants to the IU Medical Scientist Training Program. We had a huge number come back for a second interview this last week—around two dozen. It never ceases to amaze me how much the program has grown since I started. I think there were maybe ten applicants during my second visit. And it’s also really cool that we’re attracting applicants from all over the country. It’s really nice to see how much we have increased our national presence.

During the second visit, they have the opportunity to meet current students and faculty, learn about IU School of Medicine, our MSTP, and Indianapolis.

The first night the applicants were here, we had a poster session and mixer, where the applicants got to learn about the research conducted by students in the program and meet some of the faculty. Even the Dean was there. Just as importantly, there were tasty hors d’oeuvres.

The second day, they got to attend a second year ICM class, have lunch with the students in the graduate years, and tour the Simulation Center. (I went with them out of curiosity, and if you haven’t seen the Sim Center yet, it’s awesome.) That night they had dinner with the MS1’s and MS2’s at the Rathskeller (one of my favorite restaurants in Indy). Afterwards, we showed them Indy’s nightlife on Mass Ave.

The highlight of the last day of the interview was the second annual world famous bus tour of Indianapolis conducted by Susan (another MSTP student) and myself. We’re not sure how informative it is, but at least it’s entertaining.

One of the things I like about the second interviews is how much time the applicants get to spend meeting with students in the program, which I think is our biggest strength. They get to see the program from the point of view of the student, and they can see that we’re a fun (and eccentric) group to hang out with.

The applicants definitely get stronger and stronger each year, which makes me glad I applied when I did. I don’t think I could compete against this bunch!

Cheers!


Snow-pocalypse, Day 2

Filed under: Off campus — Charles Goodwin on February 2, 2011 @ 3:11 pm

Like yesterday, I wasn’t able to get into the lab today either, because of the icy conditions.  It’s too bad because I had intended to sort cells today for an experiment trying out a FAK inhibitor.  The flow lab was closed today anyway, like the rest of the campus, so it wasn’t worth risking the journey.  This is the second time this particular experiment has been thwarted, as my cells became contaminated last week before I could sort them.  I’ll try again next week, and hopefully, the third time will be a charm.  That’s how research works some times.

I’ve been developing a little cabin fever the last few days, since I’m used to going to the lab almost everyday, but I’ve been trying to keep busy at home.  In addition to following news about our weather situation and the upheaval in Egypt, I’ve been doing a lot of reading.  Right now, I’m reading the Landmark edition of The Histories by Herodotus.  (If you want to read the works of Ancient Greek historians, including Thucydides and Xenophon, I highly recommend the Landmark editions, which include excellent maps, notes, cross-references, and commentaries to help put the work in context and make it more accessible.)

This afternoon, I’ll probably try to hack the half-inch of ice off my car, now that the precipitation has more or less stopped.

At any rate, I hope you all are keeping busy or getting some much needed relaxation.  I have definitely developed a healthy respect for the power of mother nature the last few days.  Hopefully, we can all get back to our routines tomorrow.

Cheers!


I would like to declare my candidacy …

Filed under: Graduate School — Charles Goodwin on February 1, 2011 @ 10:57 am

I just recently became an official PhD candidate, which means I have successfully passed my qualifying exam (which I took last winter) and I have written and defended a thesis proposal.  The thesis proposal is an outline of the hypothesis you want to explore with your thesis project and the experiments you will perform to test that hypothesis.  Since I started working in the lab a year and half ago, I have been busy trying to develop this hypothesis by reading the literature and performing experiments to generate preliminary data that will form the foundation of my hypothesis.

The thesis proposal itself is written in the form of a grant to ensure that students get experience writing grants, which is perhaps the most important skill acquired by life sciences graduate students pursuing a career in academic research.  After all, without funded grants, you can’t maintain a lab.

A major lesson that I have learned in developing my thesis proposal is having a grasp of the bigger picture that your research will address and being able to articulate the significance of your research.  It is easy to get lost in the details, but it is particularly important in life sciences research to explain clearly in your grants how the results of the research will impact our understanding of disease and its treatment.   In other words, it’s not enough to just elucidate a novel mechanism of disease pathogenesis, but you must stress how elucidating this mechanism will identify a new target for therapeutic intervention or modify existing therapeutic strategies.

I benefited greatly in discussing this issue with my PI, Dr. Rebecca Chan, and the rest of my committee, which includes Dr. Mervin Yoder, Dr. Brittney-Shea Herbert, and Dr. Ken White.

Now, I have my hypothesis and I know the point of my hypothesis, and I have a plan to interrogate my hypothesis experimentally.  Next comes the hard part—seeing if my hypothesis is correct.

Cheers!


JMML Foundation

Filed under: Uncategorized — Charles Goodwin on December 15, 2010 @ 10:20 am

Based on a recent comment, I really wanted to draw attention to the JMML Foundation, which helped organize the meeting I just attended.  They do a lot of great work to raise awareness and financial support to research JMML, and they provide great insght into establishing research goals and strategies.  Made up family members of children who have suffered from this devestating disease, they provide a great source of inspiration to researchers in the JMML field.

Here is a link to their website: http://www.jmmlfoundation.org/

Cheers!


JMML International Working Group Meeting

Filed under: Graduate School,Off campus — Charles Goodwin on December 7, 2010 @ 9:54 pm

As I have mentioned in earlier posts, I do research on a type of leukemia called Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML). It is a leukemia that affects infants and toddler-aged children and it is characterized by increased production of a type of white blood cell called monocytes. It is a very rare leukemia (perhaps 50 or so cases per year in the US), but it is very difficult to treat, with bone marrow transplant being the only curative therapy. Even bone marrow transplant is only successful in 50 to 70% of patients, and it often involves complications such as Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (GVHD), which is itself difficult to treat.

At the molecular level, JMML often involves hyperactivation of Ras signaling, a molecular signaling pathway in cells that controls proliferation, survival, and differentiation of cells. In our lab, we study mutations in a gene called PTPN11, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase Shp2, and which regulates Ras signaling.

Last week I had the opportunity to attend and give a talk at the annual JMML International Working Group Meeting in Orlando, Florida. The meeting includes clinical and translational researchers who study JMML as well as members of the JMML foundation, a group of people, whose children have suffered from JMML, and who raise money and awareness of the disease. Participants at the meeting came from around the world, including France, Germany, Italy, Japan, as well as from all over the US. The meeting is a satellite meeting of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) meeting, which was also in Orlando (I wasn’t able to attend this year’s ASH meeting, but I went to this meeting last year when it was in New Orleans).

At the meeting, we discussed progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of JMML with an emphasis on identifying potential pharmacologic targets, as well as correlating disease prognosis with particular mutations and improved bone marrow transplant protocols. We also talked about strategies for establishing Phase 2/3 trials for potential new therapies, which can very complicated in this disease for two big reasons: (1) it is relatively rare, and (2) clinical trials in children have more restrictions than those in adults (and for good reason).

At the meeting, I presented my data on PI3K signaling, which is hyperactivated in the presence of gain-of-function mutations in Shp2, found in JMML, and that this contributes to leukemogenesis. My hypothesis is that PI3K may represent an important druggable target for the treatment of JMML.

All in all, it was a very good meeting, and I learned a lot. And I really appreciated the opportunity to share my data. Eventually though, I had to come back to Indy … and I made it back just in time for the snow.

Cheers!


Student Outreach Clinic

Filed under: Extracurricular,Medical School — Charles Goodwin on November 4, 2010 @ 9:53 pm

I recently became the Development Chair for the IU Student Outreach Clinic.  The IU Student Outreach Clinic began a few years ago as medical student-run clinic, which takes place every Saturday at the Neighborhood Fellowship Church on East 10th street.  It provides free ambulatory medical care to the residents of Indianapolis’ east side, who don’t have insurance.

At the clinic, 1st and 2nd year medical students follow the patients as they come in and take their vitals and record their chief complaint.  Then a 3rd or 4th year student (who has more clinical training) performs a focused history and physical and develops an assessment and plan.  The 1st or 2nd year student can assist in the history and physical if they feel comfortable doing so.  Afterward, the student presents the patient to a volunteer staff physician to confirm or modify the assessment and plan and to write a prescription for medications if needed.  Certain medications can be provided by the clinic formulary, which is staffed by Pharmacy students from the Butler School of Pharmacy.  This is a really great partnership that has been developed at the clinic, since the Pharmacy students can counsel the patients about their medications.

The clinic has a very nice set-up with 3 private exam rooms and the capabilities of the clinic are constantly being enhanced.  For instance, recently, the clinic began doing blood draws to perform certain labs (I wrote in a previous blog about learning how to do that).

One of my responsibilities as a member of the Steering Committee is to serve every so often as a Clinic Manager.  I’m kind of nervous about that, since as a graduate student, I’m not always thinking about clinical things.  Last Saturday, I got my first chance to learn the duties of a Clinic Manager.  I got to work with Selyne Samuels, the Education Chair who taught me how to draw blood (again, see previous blog entry).  Selyne was really knowledgeable and helpful, and I feel a lot less intimidated now than before.  Hopefully, I’ll get a chance to work with someone once or twice more before flying solo, but I’m confident I’ll do a good job.

All in all, I think the IU Student Outreach Clinic is a fantastic medical student-run volunteer project, and I’m proud and excited to be a part of it.  I highly encourage all medical students to sign up to volunteer.  It’s a very rewarding experience.

Cheers!


I Am a Scientist

Filed under: Off campus — Charles Goodwin on October 30, 2010 @ 7:14 pm

I guess every now and then, I should talk about some of my interests and activities outside of medical school and research.  Last night, some friends of mine and I went down to Bloomington to see a concert.  My favorite band from my high school and college days—Guided by Voices—have been doing a reunion tour this fall featuring their so-called “classic line-up”  (i.e., the line-up circa 1994), and they played a show at the Bluebird.  I don’t get to go to as many shows as I’d like to these days, partly because I don’t keep on top of the indie rock scene as much as I used to.

It was a pretty awesome show.  The band is from my hometown of Dayton, Ohio, and I’ve been listening to them for a long time, so it was great to see them again.  They played a lot of songs from their classic albums from the early to mid ‘90s (Propeller, Bee Thousand, and Alien Lanes).  All the songs from those albums are catchy, low-fi rock songs that often clock in under two minutes or less in duration.  It was a great atmosphere, and the crowd there sung along to every song.

It was a great time, and I loved getting to hear some of my favorite songs that I haven’t heard live since the band broke up several years ago.  Of course, one of the highlights of the show was when they played perhaps their most popular song, and one that’s particularly a favorite of mine, considering my chosen profession.  This song is called “I Am a Scientist.”  I pulled my guitar out this afternoon to see if I could still play it.  The guitar was out of tune, and I am a little out of practice, but still, “I Am a Scientist.”

Cheers!


Older Posts »

Bad Behavior has blocked 479 access attempts in the last 7 days.